Cobalt feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb steels thiab alloys. High-speed steel uas muaj cobalt muaj siab kub hardness. Thaum ntxiv nrog molybdenum rau maraging steel, ultra-siab hardness thiab zoo tag nrho txhua yam khoom yuav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cobalt kuj tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau alloying hauv cov cua sov-lub zog steels thiab cov khoom sib nqus.
Cobalt txo qhov hardenability ntawm hlau. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv nws ib leeg rau carbon steel yuav txo tau cov neeg kho tshuab tag nrho tom qab quenching thiab tempering. Cobalt tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau ferrite, thiab thaum ntxiv rau carbon steel, nws tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog, qhov taw tes tawm thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov hlau hauv lub xeev annealed lossis normalized. Nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov elongation thiab cheeb tsam shrinkage, thiab qhov cuam tshuam toughness kuj nce. txo nrog nce cov ntsiab lus cobalt. Vim tias cobalt muaj cov khoom siv antioxidant, nws yog siv hauv cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov thiab cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov. Cobalt-based alloy gas turbines qhia nws lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Si Silicon tuaj yeem yaj hauv ferrite thiab austenite los txhim kho cov tawv thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau. Nws cov nyhuv yog qhov thib ob rau phosphorus thiab muaj zog dua li cov ntsiab lus xws li manganese, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, thiab vanadium. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntsiab lus silicon ntau dua 3%, cov yas thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau yuav raug txo kom tsawg. Silicon tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev txwv elastic, lub zog tawm los thiab qhov sib piv (σs / σb) ntawm cov hlau, nrog rau kev qaug zog thiab qaug zog piv (σ-1 / σb), thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog vim li cas silicon lossis silicon- manganese steel tuaj yeem siv ua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel.
Silicon tuaj yeem txo qhov ntom ntom, thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm hlau. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb cov coarsening ntawm ferrite nplej thiab txo cov quab yuam. Nws muaj lub siab nyiam txo cov anisotropy ntawm cov siv lead ua, ua kom cov hlau nplaum yooj yim dua thiab txo cov hlau nplaum tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim hluav taws xob hlau, yog li qhov sib nqus hysteresis poob ntawm silicon steel los xij yog tsawg. Silicon tuaj yeem nce qhov sib nqus permeability ntawm ferrite, ua rau cov ntawv hlau muaj zog sib nqus induction ntau dua hauv cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, silicon txo qhov sib nqus induction ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv cov hlau nplaum muaj zog. Silicon muaj zog deoxidizing zog, yog li txo qhov kev laus ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Thaum cov hlau uas muaj silicon yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw oxidizing, ib txheej ntawm SiO2 zaj duab xis yuav raug tsim nyob rau saum npoo, yog li txhim kho cov oxidation tsis kam ntawm cov hlau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Silicon tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm columnar crystals hauv cam khwb cia hlau thiab txo cov yas. Yog tias silicon steel txias sai sai thaum rhuab, vim tsis muaj thermal conductivity, qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm cov hlau yuav loj, ua rau nws tawg.
Silicon tuaj yeem txo qhov vuam khoom ntawm cov hlau. Vim tias silicon muaj peev xwm ua ke nrog cov pa oxygen ntau dua li cov hlau, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov ntsiab lus qis-melting-silicates thaum lub sij hawm vuam, uas ua rau kom cov fluidity ntawm slag thiab molten hlau, ua rau splashing thiab cuam tshuam rau vuam zoo. Silicon yog ib qho zoo deoxidizer. Thaum siv txhuas rau deoxidation, ntxiv qee qhov nyiaj ntawm silicon raws li qhov tsim nyog tuaj yeem txhim kho tus nqi deoxidation. Muaj qee qhov nyiaj ntawm silicon tshuav nyob rau hauv steel, uas yog coj los ua raw khoom thaum lub sij hawm hlau thiab hlau ua. Hauv boiling steel, silicon yog txwv rau<0.07%, and when added intentionally, ferrosilicon alloys are added during steelmaking.
